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The idea of a proposition saying something about what will happen in
the future is even more liable to puzzle us than the idea of a
proposition about the past.
For comparing future events with past events, one may almost be inclined
to say that
51.
though the past events
do not really exist in the full light of day, they exist in an underworld
into which they have passed out of the real life; whereas the future
events do not even have this shadowy existence.
We could, of cou[s|r]se, imagine a realm of the unborn, future
events, whence they come into reality and pass into the realm of the
past; and,
52.
57). A game is played in this
way: A man throws a die, and before throwing he draws on a
piece of paper some one of the six faces of the die.
If, after having thrown, the face of the die turning up is the one he
has drawn, he fe[l|e]ls (expresses) satisfaction.
If a different face turns up, he is dissatisfied.
Or, let there be two partners and every time one guesses correctly what
he will throw his partner pays him a penny, and if incorrectly, he pays
his partner.
Drawing the face of the die will be under the circumstances
of this game be called “making a guess” or a
“conjecture”. 58). In a certain tribe contests are held in running, putting the weight, etc. and the spectators stake
53.
er strength on previous occasions,
or that the bigger had recently been ill, or had neglected his
training, etc.
Now this may be so although the language of the tribe does not express
reasons for the placing of the bets.
That is to say, nothing in their language corresponds to our saying,
e.g., “I bet on this man because he has
kept fit, whereas the other has neglected his training”, and
such like.
I might describe this state of affairs by saying that my
observation has taught me certain causes for their placing
their bets as they do, but that the bettors
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